Note: Some, if not all, of the solutions listed below might already be in place at Sandy Hook Elementary School.
Realize it can happen at your campus: Although security at K-12 schools and districts, as well as the response tactics of law enforcement to active shooter incidents are much better than in 1999 when the
Columbine High School massacre
occurred, it's so easy for these issues to become afterthoughts if nothing has happened at your school recently. School public safety must constantly be top of mind.
Local law enforcement and campuses must foster close, working relationships: Developing these relationships ahead of time will ensure vital information and resources flow between both sides during an emergency. For example, if you have a security camera system installed at your school, can local police access the images for improved situational awareness during an incident? A common saying in law enforcement is that public safety stakeholders shouldn't be making introductions and exchanging business cards at an emergency operations center during a crisis.
Local law enforcement must conduct active shooter exercises on campuses: This helps police officers learn the layout of each building so they’ll be able to respond more effectively during a crisis. First responders (including fire and EMS) should also have easy and immediate access to building plans and layouts so they can quickly shut off power, HVAC, etc.
Train teachers, administrators, staff and students how to appropriately respond to active shooter incidents: Do they know what shelter in place and lockdown mean? Do they know under when and where to evacuate? Are administrators, teachers and appropriate staff trained in the National Incident Management System (NIMS) and Incident Command System (ICS)? Also, staff must be trained to make life-and-death decisions quickly.
Put locks on classroom doors that lock from the inside: Doing this enables a teacher to lock a door without exposing themselves to a shooter who might be in the hallway. It should be noted, however, that there are pros and cons to this approach that must be addressed with appropriate policies and technologies.
Limit access of visitors to campus: This can be achieved by having a single entrance through which all visitors must pass. The entrances that have vestibules (that act somewhat like man-traps) can prevent an unauthorized visitor from getting beyond the front office. Additionally, visitor management software can help school staff screen visitors who might have arrest records or child custody disputes. Unfortunately, for campuses with open layouts, managing visitors can be very challenging
Develop a method to notify parents during an emergency so they are kept informed about the status of the situation, as well as where and when they can reunite with their children. Emergency notification technologies, including SMS text, social medial, E-mail and hotlines can help get the messages out quickly.
Provide mental health services for students, staff and first responders: A tragedy like the one at Sandy Hook with so many children dying would be difficult for anyone. Mental health services can help all those affected process their grief and move on with their lives.
All of these points, and many more I've failed to mention, should be covered in your campus emergency plans.
Over the next few days and weeks, I’m certain we'll learn more about the Sandy Hook Elementary School mass shooting and if anything could have been done differently to decrease the loss of life. Unfortunately, I suspect this may be one of those times when no amount of work can prepare us for tragedies like this one. That being said, it can only help if we double our efforts.
Our thoughts and prayers are with Sandy Hook Elementary School's students, teachers, administrators, staff, parents and neighbors.
