To “demonize” is to attribute total evil to whomever or whatever is so stigmatized. Once identified as such, it’s totally acceptable to do what you will to these demons among us. Burn the witches, incarcerate people of Japanese ancestry, defund the police, and on and on. A major problem with reviling something so extremely is the negative impact it has, not just on the stigmatized group, but on those who engage in the castigation, often without fact or logic.
During the trial of the Nazi Adolf Eichmann in Jerusalem, the world was stunned by the attending psychiatrist’s statement that Eichmann was “more normal than I am.” It turned out the architect of the murder of millions was thoughtlessly killing, with no conscience, no sense of guilt, no hostility, just cold hard reason as he exterminated millions of Jews, Gypsies, Poles, and the disabled; people who had been demonized during the post-World War I era of crisis for the German nation.
The brilliant holocaust survivor Hannah Arendt and the philosopher Jean Paul Sartre argued that, not only was Eichmann guilty of choosing to be evil, but those who informed on their Jewish neighbors were guilty as well, an idea that rankled the intellectual class that was so exposed. Apologists for the Germans and for the French who collaborated with the Nazis believed that Hitler’s henchmen were so powerful they could not be resisted. So, individual collaborators could not be judged. Arendt and Sartre disputed this, asserting that evil was an individual choice and, whether an individual was a Nazi or a collaborator, each person needed to be judged as part of the collective evil. .
America’s Founders sought to avoid witch hunts by creating a Constitution denying government the ability to judge groups. The powerful focus on the rights of individuals forces the government to deal with individual guilt or innocence rather than collective guilt. Past demonizing of groups in America, such as the treatment of Japanese-Americans in World War II, required a Supreme Court ruling and nationwide fear; a lesson we have managed to unlearn.
We have now, once again, begun to stigmatize large groups of our own people in ways long unseen. Calling people Fascists, Nazis, racists, homophobes, sexists, and so on, has replaced debate in our nation. Under such extreme rhetoric, the ideas of the “othered” people no longer need to be listened to and their rights no longer need to be protected, and the Constitution becomes an impediment to be circumvented instead of a mandate to be honored.