POLICE Logo
MenuMENU
SearchSEARCH

Oakland Riot Strategy and Tactics (Part 2 of 2)

I was particularly impressed by the "collapsing containment" tactic that effectively took ground away from rioters. What I was most impressed with was the disciplined professionalism by all the officers I saw.

Robert O'Brien
Robert O'BrienSWAT Sergeant (Ret.)
Read Robert's Posts
July 29, 2010

Television only captures a small part of the swirling sights, sounds of cacophonic chaos of out-of-control mobs rampaging and destroying everything in their path.

A live broadcast can't capture the overwhelming up-close, personal fear and adrenaline of being in the middle of a riot. The closest it comes is hearing the fear in the voices of on-scene reporters clamoring for police. Riots are chaotic, destructive, dangerous, and often deadly.

Ad Loading...

Some riots are predictable, giving police time to plan and prepare a response. Such was the case with the July 8 riot in Oakland. The January 2009 protests-turned-riots in Oakland were a preview of what police could expect depending on the former BART officer verdict .

When a guilty verdict of involuntary manslaughter was announced mid-afternoon on July 8, you could sense "something" was likely to happen. The city of Oakland, and especially the Oakland PD, had been preparing for possible violence for 18 months. During the trial, Bay Area TV stations showed OPD training for possible riots, while not revealing any "strategy or tactics."

How did OPD plan and prepare for potential rioting? Any plan is only as good as its leadership. OPD's new Chief Anthony Batts brings a wealth of experience as Long Beach (Calif.) PD's chief and SWAT commander. He's assisted by a cadre of able, experienced OPD command personnel.

As with many Bay Area cities, OPD is well trained, equipped and has a wealth of experience in crowd control, demonstrations and riots. This, combined with effective leadership, only needs a sound strategic and tactical plan and implementation to be an effective riot control response.

Anarchists, who played a central role in the January 2009 Oakland/BART riots , would be expected to do it again on July 8. The Bay Area is noted for its many anarchist groups. Anarchists had plenty of recent "practice" causing mayhem, violence, vandalism and confronting police at the 2010 Toronto G-20 Summit and Vancouver Winter Olympics, and 2009 Pittsburgh G-20 Summit .

Ad Loading...

In 2009, the anarchists were joined by "opportunist"—street thugs using the occasion to wreak their own havoc. Police had every reason to believe July 8 would be no different than January 2009. This time, police would be ready.

July 8 afternoon protests started slowly with only a few, peaceful protesters venting against the "too lenient" sentence. The city of Oakland even provided the City Hall lawn for peaceful demonstrations. 

Slowly and steadily, the protest in front of City Hall became larger and louder, but remained peaceful. Meanwhile, not wanting to provoke confrontation, officers remained in hidden staging areas. The first real sign of the massive police presence was overhead TV aerial footage of a large formation of field force vehicles moving slowly in the direction of the growing City Hall demonstration.

The first reports of trouble were reported with nightfall. Strategically located TV reporters provided play-by-play coverage of a number of simultaneous incidents, including at least one confrontation between demonstrators and police.

TV viewers could sense the rapidly growing tension and buildup toward trouble. TV cameras on the ground and in the air showed massive numbers of police in riot gear methodically advancing on foot toward demonstrators—some of whom were throwing objects at officers.

Ad Loading...

Aerial views showed police were deploying in what can be described as a "collapsing containment" strategy. Slowly herding the now-violent demonstrators into a smaller space and easier containment.

Police were now being pelted with thrown objects, and while field force front lines remained intact, arrest teams of ample officers conducted forays into the mobs to arrest select targets, and then whisked them back behind the lines. These arrest forays were repeated again and again.

Meanwhile, the crowds turned mobs had turned violent, throwing objects at police, wearing the typical Black Bloc "uniform" (all black clothing, bandanas, hoodies and backpacks containing improvised weapons. As organized as police were, the anarchists appeared nearly as well organized, and were clearly acting according to their own plan.

Suddenly, at least one TV station ground reporter said there was a splinter mob breaking into a Foot Locker store, just beyond the police containment area. The reporter provided live coverage as the mob broke windows, ransacked and looted the store. Then, emboldened by their "success," they searched for more targets. Soon, the mob was rampaging, breaking windows with hammers, looting, spray painting buildings, setting trash-dumpster fires and rioting.

Sixty to 80 businesses were damaged, vandalized, or looted. Ultimately, 78 rioters were arrested for various charges—mostly misdemeanors—but 12 for felonies that included assaulting and/or resisting police, rioting, and looting.

Ad Loading...

Several business owners criticized police for a "too slow response" and OPD promised to look into how to improve in the future. OPD also said there were communications breakdowns that was due to the 15 participating LE agencies on different radio frequencies and/or unfamiliarity with using borrowed OPD portables. 

The plan called for all assignments to come from the Command Post.  However, there were instances where individual non-OPD units responded independently of the CP. Also, one 100-officer contingent was never deployed due to a communication breakdown.

But overall, the OPD plan was executed with disciplined effectiveness that was impressive considering that 15 LE agencies, representing a reported 900 officers, were involved. And as most of us know, "a plan is a plan, until s*** hits the fan."

I was particularly impressed by the "collapsing containment" tactic that effectively took ground away from rioters. What I was most impressed with was the disciplined professionalism by all the officers I saw. This, despite their being subjected for five hours to non-stop attacks by determined rioters and anarchists.

Former BART officer Mehserle's sentencing is scheduled for Nov. 5. Meanwhile, 80 Oakland police officers were laid off only days after the July 8 riot, including many who were involved in the riot. Amidst threats of possibly more OPD layoffs, Chief Batts has promised that next time, police will be even better prepared. After what I saw, I'd have to agree.

Ad Loading...
Subscribe to Our Newsletter

More Blogposts

Inside the Badge by Wayne ParhamJuly 19, 2024

Preventing Heat Injury in Police K-9s

In the relentless heat of summer and even early fall in some parts of the country, officers face the important task of protecting their K-9 partners while working in sweltering temperatures. Recognizing changes in a dog’s behavior is the key.

Read More →
Inside the Badge by StaffDecember 19, 2023

Why Your Agency Needs to Attend the ILEETA Conference

ILEETA is a complete resource for trainers to address trainers' needs. Its mission is to enhance the skills and safety of criminal justice practitioners while fostering stronger and safer communities.

Read More →
Inside the Badge by David GriffithNovember 28, 2023

IACP 2023: New Training Products

Technologies for improving law enforcement training and training management were some of the highlights at this year's show.

Read More →
Ad Loading...
Inside the Badge by Wayne ParhamOctober 27, 2023

Initial Results Released from MSP 2024 Police Vehicle Testing

The 2024 pursuit-rated vehicles--all pickup trucks or SUVs, including two battery electric models the Chevrolet Blazer EV AWD and Ford Mustang Mach-E--were put through their paces.

Read More →
Inside the Badge by Wayne ParhamJune 26, 2023

Officer Safety Considerations Related to Alternative-Fuel Vehicles

As more alternative-fuel and hybrid vehicles hit the road, police and other first responders need to understand that they are no more dangerous than conventional vehicles. However, there are certain safety considerations every cop should know.

Read More →
Inside the Badge by Wayne ParhamJune 9, 2023

Garmont Working to Grow LE Market Presence

Garmont Tactical has found wide acceptance by military boot buyers, but now the company is trying to better respond to the needs of police officers. Many cops now are not fans of 8-inch boots, so Garmont is adapting.

Read More →
Ad Loading...
Inside the Badge by StaffJune 7, 2023

Publisher’s Note: Our Commitment to You

Through our magazine and website and our Police Technology eXchange event, we promise to provide you with information and access to resources to help you do your job safer and better.

Read More →
Inside the Badge by Wayne ParhamJune 2, 2023

10 Tips for Responding to Mental Health Crisis Calls

The Harris County Sheriff's Office is a model for other agencies that want to learn about crisis intervention and mental health crisis response. Sgt. Jose Gomez shares the story of their programs and provides 10 tips for mental health crisis call response

Read More →
Inside the Badge by Wayne ParhamMay 22, 2023

5 Things to Know When Buying Concealed-Carry or Off-Duty Holsters

Mike Barham, of Galco Holsters, shares five important considerations to keep in mind when you buy off-duty concealed or plain-clothes carry holsters.

Read More →
Ad Loading...
10 Tips for Reviewing Use-of-Force Reports - Police Law Enforcement Solutions graphic
Inside the Badge by Wayne ParhamMay 10, 2023

10 Tips for Reviewing Use-of-Force Reports

While the burden of accurately reporting use-of-force situations is on an individual deputy or officer, the person reviewing those reports shares in the responsibility of making sure the reporting is done properly, with clear details included.

Read More →