Response to high-risk situations is like emergency medical response. Both require similar levels of training, equipment, and specialty.
Not surprisingly, most responses dealt with the issue of how active shooters have changed the roles of both patrol and SWAT. Patrol cannot afford to wait for SWAT while innocent people are dying. Columbine was the "wake-up call" that changed everything.
Learn from the past, live in the present, look to the future.
As we transition from 2007 to 2008, this wise saying rings truer than ever.